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Dette er et dokumentert minimum, ikke total EU-kapasitet.", "basis": "location-minimum", "projectionEligible": false, "definitionClaimId": "compute/claim/eu-minimum-definition", "points": [ { "date": "2026-04-03", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33 }, { "date": "2026-08-16", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33 } ] } ], "scenarioReferences": [ { "id": "scenario-reference/ai-2027/superhuman-coder", "scenarioId": "ai-2027", "scenarioLabel": "AI 2027", "label": "Superhuman coder", "shortLabel": "AI27 · SC", "date": "2027-03-01", "metricId": "ai-accelerator-capacity", "seriesId": "world", "scope": "global AI-relevant compute stock", "value": 60000000, "unit": "H100e", "relation": "context", "color": "#f2c66d", "description": "Scenarioets milepæl ligger i mars 2027; 60M H100e er global kapasitetskontekst for perioden, ikke en kausal terskel.", "claimId": "compute/claim/ai-2027-superhuman-coder-context", "sourceIds": [ 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ikke fordeles sikkert geografisk.", "EU-serien er et lokasjonsbasert dokumentert minimum fra et utvalgt frontier-register og er ikke total EU-kapasitet eller en eierandel.", "Den stiplede framtidskurven er en mekanisk videreføring av de siste åtte observerte kvartalene, ikke en prognose.", "Planlagte datasentre er enkeltanlegg og kan ikke summeres inn i eierbeholdningen uten fare for dobbelttelling." ], "projection": { "assessmentDate": "2026-09-08", "basis": "Mekanisk CAGR-videreføring av de siste åtte observerte kvartalene.", "methodologyUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/largest-data-center-compute", "series": [ { "seriesId": "world", "annualGrowthMultiple": 3.42, "trainingWindow": { "from": "2024-03-31", "to": "2025-12-31", "pointCount": 8 }, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/world/2024-03-31-2025-12-31", "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/amazon/amazon", "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/amazon/nvidia", 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"compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" }, { "date": "2027-12-31", "median": 24981990, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" }, { "date": "2028-03-31", "median": 32077319, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" }, { "date": "2028-06-30", "median": 41187847, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" }, { "date": "2028-09-30", "median": 53031415, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" }, { "date": "2028-12-31", "median": 68280600, "lineageSetId": "compute/projection-lineage/unallocated/2024-03-31-2025-12-31" } ] } ], "plannedFacilities": [ { "id": "compute/facility/2026-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids", "date": "2026-11-15", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids", "owner": "Ikke oppgitt", "status": "planned", "median": 1136976, "low": 874597, "high": 1478068, "powerMw": 448, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2026-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-02-25/colossus-2", "date": "2027-02-25", "name": "Colossus 2", "owner": "SpaceXAI", "status": "planned", "median": 1824154, "low": 1403195, "high": 2371400, "powerMw": 1531, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2027-02-25/colossus-2" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-10-01/goodnight", "date": "2027-10-01", "name": "Goodnight", "owner": "Google", "status": "planned", "median": 2278929, "low": 1753022, "high": 2962607, "powerMw": 1006, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2027-10-01/goodnight" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids", "date": "2027-11-15", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids", "owner": "Ikke oppgitt", "status": "planned", "median": 3668823, "low": 2822172, "high": 4769470, "powerMw": 1133, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2027-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-01-01/meta-hyperion", "date": "2028-01-01", "name": "Meta Hyperion", "owner": "Meta", "status": "planned", "median": 4253594, "low": 3271996, "high": 5529673, "powerMw": 1676, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2028-01-01/meta-hyperion" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-05-13/microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin", "date": "2028-05-13", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin", "owner": "Microsoft", "status": "planned", "median": 4527539, "low": 3482722, "high": 5885801, "powerMw": 2263, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2028-05-13/microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-11-11/openai-stargate-shackelford", "date": "2028-11-11", "name": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford", "owner": "Oracle", "status": "planned", "median": 4562911, "low": 3509931, "high": 5931784, "powerMw": 1400, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2028-11-11/openai-stargate-shackelford" }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-12-31/openai-stargate-new-mexico", "date": "2028-12-31", "name": "OpenAI Stargate New Mexico", "owner": "Oracle", "status": "planned", "median": 5103588, "low": 3925837, "high": 6634664, "powerMw": 1750, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "sourceObservationId": "compute/facility/2028-12-31/openai-stargate-new-mexico" } ] } }, "facts": { "schemaVersion": 1, "facilityEvidenceVersion": 2, "moduleId": "compute", "generatedAt": "2026-09-08T18:50:10.965Z", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-10", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "eu-official-member-states-2026-08-11", "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11", "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7" ], "grain": "period_end × owner × manufacturer × optional chip_type", "entities": { "owners": [ { "id": "owner:amazon", "label": "Amazon", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:china", "label": "China", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:china-smuggled", "label": "China (smuggled)", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:coreweave", "label": "CoreWeave", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:google", "label": "Google", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:meta", "label": "Meta", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:microsoft", "label": "Microsoft", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:oracle", "label": "Oracle", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:other", "label": "Other", "type": "owner" }, { "id": "owner:xai", "label": "xAI", "type": "owner" } ], "ownerGroups": [ { "id": "owner-group:us-cloud", "label": "USA-baserte skygrupper", "type": "owner-group" } ], "regions": [ { "id": "region:eu", "label": "Den europeiske union", "type": "region" } ], "facilities": [ { "id": "facility:start-campus-sines-data-campus", "label": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus", "type": "facility", "country": "Portugal" } ], "manufacturers": [ { "id": "manufacturer:nvidia", "label": "Nvidia", "type": "manufacturer" }, { "id": "manufacturer:google", "label": "Google", "type": "manufacturer" }, { "id": "manufacturer:amazon", "label": "Amazon", "type": "manufacturer" }, { "id": "manufacturer:huawei", "label": "Huawei", "type": "manufacturer" }, { "id": "manufacturer:amd", "label": "Amd", "type": "manufacturer" }, { "id": "manufacturer:cambricon", "label": "Cambricon", "type": "manufacturer" } ], "chipTypes": [ { "id": "chip:a100", "label": "A100", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:a800", "label": "A800", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:ascend-910b", "label": "Ascend 910B", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:ascend-910c", "label": "Ascend 910C", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:b200", "label": "B200", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:b300", "label": "B300", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:siyuan-590", "label": "Cambricon Siyuan 590", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:h100-h200", "label": "H100/H200", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:h20", "label": "H20", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:h800", "label": "H800", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "label": "Instinct MI250X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "label": "Instinct MI300A", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "label": "Instinct MI300X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi308x", "label": "Instinct MI308X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "label": "Instinct MI325X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "label": "Instinct MI350X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "label": "Instinct MI355X", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v4", "label": "TPU v4", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v4i", "label": "TPU v4i", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v5e", "label": "TPU v5e", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v5p", "label": "TPU v5p", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v6e", "label": "TPU v6e", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:tpu-v7", "label": "TPU v7", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:trainium1", "label": "Trainium1", "type": "chip-type" }, { "id": "chip:trainium2", "label": "Trainium2", "type": "chip-type" } ] }, "memberships": [ { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:amazon", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:coreweave", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:google", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:meta", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:microsoft", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:oracle", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 }, { "groupId": "owner-group:us-cloud", "memberId": "owner:xai", "validFrom": "2022-01-01", "validTo": null, "definitionVersion": 1 } ], "observations": [ { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 5639, "low": 3345, "high": 9665, "powerMw": 7.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 14769, "low": 8717, "high": 24931, "powerMw": 18.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 7759, "low": 4573, "high": 13410, "powerMw": 9.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 5700, "low": 3369, "high": 9523, "powerMw": 7.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 17812, "low": 9801, "high": 31720, "powerMw": 22.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 9414, "low": 6099, "high": 14600, "powerMw": 11.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-03-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 1606, "low": 754, "high": 3440, "powerMw": 2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 11735, "low": 7065, "high": 19265, "powerMw": 14.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 16161, "low": 9624, "high": 27114, "powerMw": 20.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 11699, "low": 7187, "high": 19627, "powerMw": 14.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 30865, "low": 18616, "high": 50664, "powerMw": 39.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 36718, "low": 20597, "high": 66587, "powerMw": 46.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 19474, "low": 12617, "high": 30202, "powerMw": 24.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-06-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 3381, "low": 1645, "high": 6947, "powerMw": 4.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 47526, "low": 29041, "high": 77527, "powerMw": 59.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 18074, "low": 11132, "high": 29327, "powerMw": 22.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 24766, "low": 15131, "high": 40870, "powerMw": 31 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 18041, "low": 11294, "high": 29599, "powerMw": 22.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 65544, "low": 40138, "high": 107190, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-09-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 5223, "low": 2578, "high": 10392, "powerMw": 6.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 24716, "low": 16189, "high": 38598, "powerMw": 29.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 33959, "low": 21827, "high": 53582, "powerMw": 40.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 64868, "low": 41836, "high": 101945, "powerMw": 76.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 24738, "low": 16145, "high": 38304, "powerMw": 29.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 90033, "low": 57760, "high": 141264, "powerMw": 107.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 31906, "low": 23018, "high": 45398, "powerMw": 40.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2022-12-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 7841, "low": 4209, "high": 14540, "powerMw": 9.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 85346, "low": 57644, "high": 128118, "powerMw": 93.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 32539, "low": 22231, "high": 47956, "powerMw": 35.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 32566, "low": 22324, "high": 48476, "powerMw": 35.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 44785, "low": 30280, "high": 67241, "powerMw": 49.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 110437, "low": 71927, "high": 165945, "powerMw": 123.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 38948, "low": 30098, "high": 49282, "powerMw": 80 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 48731, "low": 37496, "high": 64577, "powerMw": 57.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 11350, "low": 6418, "high": 19875, "powerMw": 12 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-03-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 4611, "low": 4611, "high": 4611, "powerMw": 3.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 50483, "low": 35866, "high": 70692, "powerMw": 49.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 50599, "low": 35940, "high": 71195, "powerMw": 49.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 132543, "low": 93993, "high": 188611, "powerMw": 130.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 69484, "low": 49238, "high": 98877, "powerMw": 68.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 156986, "low": 105401, "high": 229765, "powerMw": 160.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 72128, "low": 56163, "high": 91134, "powerMw": 130 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 89153, "low": 71698, "high": 111263, "powerMw": 90.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 19084, "low": 11499, "high": 31968, "powerMw": 18 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-06-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 12112, "low": 12112, "high": 12112, "powerMw": 8.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 108866, "low": 79876, "high": 150500, "powerMw": 97.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 79606, "low": 58032, "high": 108635, "powerMw": 71 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 79486, "low": 57977, "high": 108615, "powerMw": 70.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 208155, "low": 151564, "high": 287576, "powerMw": 185.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 232789, "low": 158771, "high": 333744, "powerMw": 216.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 123735, "low": 95464, "high": 157323, "powerMw": 190 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 154710, "low": 125911, "high": 190160, "powerMw": 141.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 31633, "low": 19606, "high": 52027, "powerMw": 27.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-09-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 24312, "low": 24312, "high": 24312, "powerMw": 17 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 117030, "low": 86854, "high": 157238, "powerMw": 97.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 161382, "low": 120060, "high": 218522, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 307857, "low": 227090, "high": 417365, "powerMw": 256.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 117444, "low": 86728, "high": 158456, "powerMw": 98 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 387854, "low": 275801, "high": 529857, "powerMw": 326.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 208719, "low": 158962, "high": 264463, "powerMw": 287 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 177662, "low": 144649, "high": 217763, "powerMw": 159.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 54642, "low": 35017, "high": 85520, "powerMw": 43.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2023-12-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 44157, "low": 44157, "high": 44157, "powerMw": 30.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 168548, "low": 126024, "high": 225603, "powerMw": 133.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 442128, "low": 329789, "high": 592145, "powerMw": 350.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 168926, "low": 126063, "high": 224946, "powerMw": 133.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 233151, "low": 173496, "high": 311258, "powerMw": 184.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 32836, "low": 18425, "high": 62883, "powerMw": 40.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 45028, "low": 45028, "high": 45028, "powerMw": 49 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 558179, "low": 402589, "high": 764933, "powerMw": 444.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 331115, "low": 256020, "high": 417549, "powerMw": 427 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 198811, "low": 161989, "high": 242673, "powerMw": 215.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 17633, "low": 11667, "high": 26496, "powerMw": 10 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 21378, "low": 14168, "high": 30585, "powerMw": 24.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 11166, "low": 7566, "high": 16244, "powerMw": 6.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 88506, "low": 58910, "high": 134235, "powerMw": 67.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 4460, "low": 3035, "high": 6591, "powerMw": 2.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 71468, "low": 60979, "high": 86873, "powerMw": 50 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 27761, "low": 11183, "high": 72928, "powerMw": 19.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-03-31/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 142, "low": 136, "high": 153, "powerMw": 0.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 231843, "low": 173684, "high": 305890, "powerMw": 177.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 606713, "low": 456120, "high": 807608, "powerMw": 466.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 231631, "low": 173762, "high": 307656, "powerMw": 177.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 319766, "low": 238892, "high": 425870, "powerMw": 245.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 78230, "low": 47616, "high": 138875, "powerMw": 90.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 90056, "low": 90056, "high": 90056, "powerMw": 98 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 734948, "low": 535661, "high": 1005553, "powerMw": 575 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 475485, "low": 371254, "high": 595920, "powerMw": 592 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 232471, "low": 189732, "high": 283105, "powerMw": 305.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 37428, "low": 27654, "high": 50208, "powerMw": 21.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 61532, "low": 41741, "high": 83655, "powerMw": 52.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 59128, "low": 42289, "high": 81522, "powerMw": 33.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 130525, "low": 88036, "high": 193838, "powerMw": 96.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 14971, "low": 11120, "high": 19987, "powerMw": 8.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 111466, "low": 96239, "high": 128969, "powerMw": 78 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 63970, "low": 25768, "high": 168047, "powerMw": 45.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-06-30/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 357, "low": 343, "high": 386, "powerMw": 0.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 805946, "low": 612339, "high": 1075458, "powerMw": 606.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 425278, "low": 318444, "high": 562657, "powerMw": 319.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 308689, "low": 232768, "high": 407715, "powerMw": 231.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 308917, "low": 231884, "high": 405725, "powerMw": 231.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 154207, "low": 101611, "high": 246659, "powerMw": 163.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 100000, "low": 100000, "high": 100000, "powerMw": 70 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 135084, "low": 135084, "high": 135084, "powerMw": 146 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 954945, "low": 690461, "high": 1314849, "powerMw": 654.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 662148, "low": 522343, "high": 821325, "powerMw": 779 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 273417, "low": 222791, "high": 333572, "powerMw": 414.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 68445, "low": 51710, "high": 89630, "powerMw": 38.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 138658, "low": 104100, "high": 176564, "powerMw": 106.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 108051, "low": 79650, "high": 145936, "powerMw": 61.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 181677, "low": 123695, "high": 265502, "powerMw": 132.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 27430, "low": 20697, "high": 35989, "powerMw": 15.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 166849, "low": 149559, "high": 182703, "powerMw": 116.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 106643, "low": 42957, "high": 280148, "powerMw": 76 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-09-30/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 1020, "low": 980, "high": 1102, "powerMw": 0.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 1130363, "low": 861675, "high": 1499322, "powerMw": 801.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 434378, "low": 329468, "high": 569105, "powerMw": 307.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 606402, "low": 458678, "high": 794350, "powerMw": 428.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 458637, "low": 347749, "high": 597209, "powerMw": 321.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 306330, "low": 212809, "high": 438612, "powerMw": 294.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 180112, "low": 180112, "high": 180112, "powerMw": 195 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 1076751, "low": 720464, "high": 1569673, "powerMw": 786.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 100000, "low": 100000, "high": 100000, "powerMw": 70 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 951445, "low": 756547, "high": 1167710, "powerMw": 991 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 322257, "low": 261821, "high": 395153, "powerMw": 544.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 106473, "low": 81344, "high": 137677, "powerMw": 60.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 168024, "low": 125155, "high": 224130, "powerMw": 95.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 231095, "low": 179337, "high": 288776, "powerMw": 170.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 268779, "low": 188551, "high": 380146, "powerMw": 184.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 42580, "low": 32241, "high": 55056, "powerMw": 24.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 241168, "low": 241168, "high": 241168, "powerMw": 168.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 158675, "low": 63917, "high": 416836, "powerMw": 113.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2024-12-31/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 6468, "low": 6209, "high": 6985, "powerMw": 5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 864363, "low": 660425, "high": 1123724, "powerMw": 563 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 676864, "low": 517153, "high": 875705, "powerMw": 435.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 1554707, "low": 1192549, "high": 2048684, "powerMw": 1022 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 614136, "low": 468656, "high": 800194, "powerMw": 400.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 445742, "low": 357294, "high": 576176, "powerMw": 401 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 312076, "low": 312076, "high": 312076, "powerMw": 320 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 1299678, "low": 829527, "high": 1952185, "powerMw": 886.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 1397489, "low": 1118953, "high": 1691271, "powerMw": 1221 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 376350, "low": 305153, "high": 463784, "powerMw": 689.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 143063, "low": 106539, "high": 190047, "powerMw": 83.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 270194, "low": 192921, "high": 351366, "powerMw": 195.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 234744, "low": 172986, "high": 317866, "powerMw": 136.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 420934, "low": 307144, "high": 579444, "powerMw": 263.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 58767, "low": 41733, "high": 83827, "powerMw": 34.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 290713, "low": 288867, "high": 292830, "powerMw": 198.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 246884, "low": 107326, "high": 591890, "powerMw": 159.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-03-31/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 11335, "low": 10634, "high": 13623, "powerMw": 8.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 906477, "low": 696759, "high": 1173285, "powerMw": 555 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 1135382, "low": 872114, "high": 1471297, "powerMw": 704.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 2006379, "low": 1545542, "high": 2630300, "powerMw": 1258.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 801715, "low": 615371, "high": 1038493, "powerMw": 499.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 608627, "low": 520165, "high": 738597, "powerMw": 524.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 444040, "low": 444040, "high": 444040, "powerMw": 445 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 1651333, "low": 1054253, "high": 2460488, "powerMw": 1137.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 2029124, "low": 1625994, "high": 2438930, "powerMw": 1492 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 399155, "low": 322860, "high": 493527, "powerMw": 750.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 168158, "low": 123309, "high": 225655, "powerMw": 98.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 280703, "low": 205456, "high": 381179, "powerMw": 165.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 294614, "low": 201572, "high": 389089, "powerMw": 210.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 596055, "low": 439186, "high": 814974, "powerMw": 355.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 70004, "low": 48078, "high": 103514, "powerMw": 41.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 341580, "low": 336712, "high": 346855, "powerMw": 225.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 411461, "low": 181535, "high": 993050, "powerMw": 240.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-06-30/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 19084, "low": 17681, "high": 24190, "powerMw": 14.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 1162405, "low": 896719, "high": 1504299, "powerMw": 691.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 1010973, "low": 777305, "high": 1304268, "powerMw": 611.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 2540995, "low": 1961442, "high": 3302713, "powerMw": 1543.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 1460835, "low": 1127760, "high": 1891703, "powerMw": 878.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 799373, "low": 701270, "high": 933147, "powerMw": 669.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 576004, "low": 576004, "high": 576004, "powerMw": 570 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 2230688, "low": 1456300, "high": 3220470, "powerMw": 1346.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 553714, "low": 553714, "high": 553714, "powerMw": 308 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 2836565, "low": 2270386, "high": 3399699, "powerMw": 1823 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 401698, "low": 324871, "high": 496849, "powerMw": 757 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 368954, "low": 273690, "high": 495231, "powerMw": 212.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 340829, "low": 213495, "high": 462631, "powerMw": 235.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 215966, "low": 159001, "high": 291731, "powerMw": 124.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 803155, "low": 597304, "high": 1079986, "powerMw": 465.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 91249, "low": 61223, "high": 139164, "powerMw": 52.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 468554, "low": 454177, "high": 483858, "powerMw": 292.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 547010, "low": 244493, "high": 1310218, "powerMw": 305.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-09-30/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 26647, "low": 24556, "high": 34503, "powerMw": 20.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 3151494, "low": 2424281, "high": 4075897, "powerMw": 1866.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1842317, "low": 1426111, "high": 2383663, "powerMw": 1079.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/google/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1236936, "low": 955469, "high": 1590655, "powerMw": 730.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/amazon/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1427946, "low": 1105764, "high": 1839426, "powerMw": 832.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/amazon/amazon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1020727, "low": 907525, "high": 1164343, "powerMw": 840 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon cumulative Trainium through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-10-2026 10:46" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/xai/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 553714, "low": 553714, "high": 553714, "powerMw": 308 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "See Epoch's Frontier AI Data Centers data. Because this is based on deployed data centers, this is a lumpy and lagging estimate of delivered chips. No quarterly breakdown for the same reason" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/china/huawei", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 707968, "low": 707968, "high": 707968, "powerMw": 695 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (official) cumulative Huawei through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": null } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/other/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 2973994, "low": 1999405, "high": 4229698, "powerMw": 1813.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/google/google", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 3812878, "low": 3083116, "high": 4537332, "powerMw": 2223 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Google cumulative TPU through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-27-2026 18:13" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/china/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 401698, "low": 324871, "high": 496849, "powerMw": 757 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/other/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 388586, "low": 228136, "high": 538546, "powerMw": 260.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Other cumulative AMD through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 264522, "low": 195584, "high": 358133, "powerMw": 149.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft cumulative AMD through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/meta/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 459858, "low": 344991, "high": 612180, "powerMw": 259.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta cumulative AMD through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/china/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 10523, "low": 8605, "high": 12837, "powerMw": 23.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative AMD through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1031001, "low": 770349, "high": 1384504, "powerMw": 586.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative Nvidia through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/oracle/amd", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 113179, "low": 74703, "high": 175251, "powerMw": 63.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle cumulative AMD through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/coreweave/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 832068, "low": 785173, "high": 882226, "powerMw": 484.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/china-smuggled/nvidia", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china-smuggled", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 662048, "low": 294087, "high": 1592327, "powerMw": 359.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China (smuggled) Nvidia total cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Ran 4/30/26. Estimates from Epoch AI Monte Carlo model of compute smuggled to China (diversion + resale, 60/40 weighted)." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-designer/2025-12-31/china/cambricon", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-designer", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": null, "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 34925, "low": 32079, "high": 45788, "powerMw": 27 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_designer.csv", "sourceRow": "China cumulative Cambricon through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue; estimates generated from Cambricon methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 5700, "low": 3369, "high": 9523, "powerMw": 7.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 5639, "low": 3345, "high": 9665, "powerMw": 7.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 7759, "low": 4573, "high": 13410, "powerMw": 9.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 14769, "low": 8717, "high": 24931, "powerMw": 18.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 17812, "low": 9674, "high": 32069, "powerMw": 22.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 9414, "low": 6099, "high": 14600, "powerMw": 11.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-03-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-03-31", "median": 1606, "low": 754, "high": 3440, "powerMw": 2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q1 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 36718, "low": 20692, "high": 66209, "powerMw": 46.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 16161, "low": 9624, "high": 27114, "powerMw": 20.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 11699, "low": 7187, "high": 19627, "powerMw": 14.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 11735, "low": 7065, "high": 19265, "powerMw": 14.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 30865, "low": 18616, "high": 50664, "powerMw": 39.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 19474, "low": 12617, "high": 30202, "powerMw": 24.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-06-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-06-30", "median": 3381, "low": 1645, "high": 6947, "powerMw": 4.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q2 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 511, "low": 297, "high": 878, "powerMw": 0.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 2571, "low": 1723, "high": 3842, "powerMw": 1.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 46199, "low": 28150, "high": 75532, "powerMw": 58.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 17567, "low": 10756, "high": 28514, "powerMw": 22.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 62972, "low": 38566, "high": 107019, "powerMw": 79 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 703, "low": 406, "high": 1214, "powerMw": 0.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 24051, "low": 14599, "high": 39826, "powerMw": 30.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 514, "low": 296, "high": 876, "powerMw": 0.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 17534, "low": 10884, "high": 28907, "powerMw": 22.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 1342, "low": 778, "high": 2304, "powerMw": 0.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 142, "low": 62, "high": 319, "powerMw": 0.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-09-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-09-30", "median": 5075, "low": 2502, "high": 10135, "powerMw": 6.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q3 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 20883, "low": 13230, "high": 33866, "powerMw": 26.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 54891, "low": 34090, "high": 88627, "powerMw": 69.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 10027, "low": 7156, "high": 14277, "powerMw": 7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 5263, "low": 3708, "high": 7374, "powerMw": 3.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 20880, "low": 13060, "high": 33556, "powerMw": 26.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 3828, "low": 2721, "high": 5394, "powerMw": 2.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 3836, "low": 2701, "high": 5310, "powerMw": 2.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 77100, "low": 47680, "high": 124312, "powerMw": 98.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 12932, "low": 9100, "high": 18330, "powerMw": 9.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 28617, "low": 17749, "high": 46671, "powerMw": 36.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 8870, "low": 6784, "high": 11506, "powerMw": 11.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 1547, "low": 873, "high": 2704, "powerMw": 1.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2022-12-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2022-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2022-12-31", "median": 6289, "low": 3170, "high": 12134, "powerMw": 8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q4 2022", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 22827, "low": 14537, "high": 36081, "powerMw": 29 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 84183, "low": 53359, "high": 134385, "powerMw": 105 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 13325, "low": 9768, "high": 17964, "powerMw": 9.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 9690, "low": 7170, "high": 13082, "powerMw": 6.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 9684, "low": 7164, "high": 13008, "powerMw": 6.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 22803, "low": 14622, "high": 36455, "powerMw": 28.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 31290, "low": 19765, "high": 50372, "powerMw": 39.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 26253, "low": 17510, "high": 38353, "powerMw": 18.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 59987, "low": 37838, "high": 95416, "powerMw": 76.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 25357, "low": 18728, "high": 34699, "powerMw": 17.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 10958, "low": 6602, "high": 16310, "powerMw": 12.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 25719, "low": 18934, "high": 33599, "powerMw": 62.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 18111, "low": 13852, "high": 23493, "powerMw": 23 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 7342, "low": 5923, "high": 9136, "powerMw": 5.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 4100, "low": 2493, "high": 6771, "powerMw": 2.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 7160, "low": 3720, "high": 13452, "powerMw": 9.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-03-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-03-31", "median": 4611, "low": 4611, "high": 4611, "powerMw": 3.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 65513, "low": 41936, "high": 103014, "powerMw": 83.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 34304, "low": 21931, "high": 54242, "powerMw": 43.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 25355, "low": 19009, "high": 33816, "powerMw": 17.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 90924, "low": 57797, "high": 140897, "powerMw": 113.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 25448, "low": 18851, "high": 33538, "powerMw": 17.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 66062, "low": 44851, "high": 96773, "powerMw": 45.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 24916, "low": 16092, "high": 38945, "powerMw": 31.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 34884, "low": 25986, "high": 46979, "powerMw": 24.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 24906, "low": 16166, "high": 39337, "powerMw": 31.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 66319, "low": 49598, "high": 89760, "powerMw": 46.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 34937, "low": 24515, "high": 48123, "powerMw": 39.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 34863, "low": 25417, "high": 45547, "powerMw": 85.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 39258, "low": 31670, "high": 48855, "powerMw": 27.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 26431, "low": 20216, "high": 34285, "powerMw": 33.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 8104, "low": 4329, "high": 14996, "powerMw": 10.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 10972, "low": 6777, "high": 17834, "powerMw": 7.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-06-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-06-30", "median": 12112, "low": 12112, "high": 12112, "powerMw": 8.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 70277, "low": 45459, "high": 109621, "powerMw": 89.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 71981, "low": 53963, "high": 95903, "powerMw": 50.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 26739, "low": 17506, "high": 41777, "powerMw": 33.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 96409, "low": 61813, "high": 151261, "powerMw": 120.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 26751, "low": 17379, "high": 41405, "powerMw": 33.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 136379, "low": 91679, "high": 198674, "powerMw": 93.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 52459, "low": 38841, "high": 69125, "powerMw": 36.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 52387, "low": 39409, "high": 69948, "powerMw": 36.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 137133, "low": 103021, "high": 183188, "powerMw": 96 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 36826, "low": 23765, "high": 57657, "powerMw": 46.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 84860, "low": 61474, "high": 112729, "powerMw": 96.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 95592, "low": 77116, "high": 118960, "powerMw": 66.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 35419, "low": 27091, "high": 45944, "powerMw": 44.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 22760, "low": 14255, "high": 36630, "powerMw": 15.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 8887, "low": 4833, "high": 16290, "powerMw": 11.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-09-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-09-30", "median": 24312, "low": 24312, "high": 24312, "powerMw": 17 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 235326, "low": 176657, "high": 311284, "powerMw": 164.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 97931, "low": 62228, "high": 152543, "powerMw": 122.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 123565, "low": 92978, "high": 163742, "powerMw": 86.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 289923, "low": 210184, "high": 397717, "powerMw": 199.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 89768, "low": 67129, "high": 119424, "powerMw": 62.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 89882, "low": 66862, "high": 118316, "powerMw": 62.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 6690, "low": 3377, "high": 10431, "powerMw": 7.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 163182, "low": 118903, "high": 214249, "powerMw": 184.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 45412, "low": 29541, "high": 69858, "powerMw": 31.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2023-12-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2023-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2023-12-31", "median": 44157, "low": 44157, "high": 44157, "powerMw": 30.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2023", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 35379, "low": 27363, "high": 45991, "powerMw": 40 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 9649, "low": 4877, "high": 18995, "powerMw": 8.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 141425, "low": 105270, "high": 185317, "powerMw": 99 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 461447, "low": 336650, "high": 629906, "powerMw": 319 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 141015, "low": 106088, "high": 187666, "powerMw": 98.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 368963, "low": 277904, "high": 491323, "powerMw": 258.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 194998, "low": 146773, "high": 257306, "powerMw": 136.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 96731, "low": 61849, "high": 151140, "powerMw": 121.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 246366, "low": 180686, "high": 323257, "powerMw": 279.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 45750, "low": 33048, "high": 59945, "powerMw": 53.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 20748, "low": 15963, "high": 26991, "powerMw": 55.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 3530, "low": 1109, "high": 6293, "powerMw": 2.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 11166, "low": 7566, "high": 16244, "powerMw": 6.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 11866, "low": 5933, "high": 19608, "powerMw": 6.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 17633, "low": 11667, "high": 26496, "powerMw": 10 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 5879, "low": 3954, "high": 8280, "powerMw": 15.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 23711, "low": 10551, "high": 53138, "powerMw": 33.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 8437, "low": 4422, "high": 15114, "powerMw": 6.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 79268, "low": 53201, "high": 118882, "powerMw": 55.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 4460, "low": 3035, "high": 6591, "powerMw": 2.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 71468, "low": 60979, "high": 86873, "powerMw": 50 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-03-31/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2024-03-31", "median": 142, "low": 136, "high": 153, "powerMw": 0.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q1 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 70758, "low": 54726, "high": 91982, "powerMw": 80 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 19298, "low": 9754, "high": 37990, "powerMw": 17.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 96356, "low": 60800, "high": 151048, "powerMw": 122.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 204666, "low": 153253, "high": 266838, "powerMw": 143.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 203878, "low": 153863, "high": 268979, "powerMw": 142.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 281569, "low": 211424, "high": 371365, "powerMw": 197.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 534139, "low": 404247, "high": 705664, "powerMw": 373.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 638591, "low": 452440, "high": 876622, "powerMw": 447.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 113659, "low": 82774, "high": 147640, "powerMw": 132.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 322643, "low": 236240, "high": 421593, "powerMw": 365.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 54112, "low": 41633, "high": 70394, "powerMw": 144.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 59128, "low": 42289, "high": 81522, "powerMw": 33.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 40196, "low": 22353, "high": 59417, "powerMw": 22.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 7149, "low": 4897, "high": 9951, "powerMw": 18.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 14275, "low": 6855, "high": 21915, "powerMw": 10.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 37428, "low": 27654, "high": 50208, "powerMw": 21.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 29217, "low": 17057, "high": 46441, "powerMw": 22.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 47423, "low": 21103, "high": 106277, "powerMw": 67 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 121094, "low": 82502, "high": 178970, "powerMw": 84.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 14971, "low": 11120, "high": 19987, "powerMw": 8.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 111466, "low": 96239, "high": 128969, "powerMw": 78 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-06-30/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2024-06-30", "median": 357, "low": 343, "high": 386, "powerMw": 0.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q2 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 106137, "low": 82089, "high": 137973, "powerMw": 120 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 28947, "low": 14631, "high": 56985, "powerMw": 26.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 106855, "low": 70114, "high": 168908, "powerMw": 120.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 281626, "low": 211673, "high": 366322, "powerMw": 197.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 733776, "low": 557648, "high": 973835, "powerMw": 513.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 848090, "low": 567328, "high": 1194459, "powerMw": 528.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 386911, "low": 291247, "high": 508623, "powerMw": 270.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 280548, "low": 212887, "high": 368331, "powerMw": 196.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 100000, "low": 100000, "high": 100000, "powerMw": 70 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "100k H100s online at Colossus 1 as of Sep 2 2024, per company disclosure." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 37476, "low": 15596, "high": 66828, "powerMw": 15.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 394774, "low": 288111, "high": 516602, "powerMw": 447.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 188514, "low": 138405, "high": 246503, "powerMw": 219.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 94832, "low": 72963, "high": 123367, "powerMw": 253.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 8018, "low": 5570, "high": 11091, "powerMw": 20.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 57174, "low": 43755, "high": 71687, "powerMw": 43.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 68445, "low": 51710, "high": 89630, "powerMw": 38.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 73260, "low": 42992, "high": 105939, "powerMw": 41.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 108051, "low": 79650, "high": 145936, "powerMw": 61.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 71134, "low": 31654, "high": 159416, "powerMw": 100.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 80309, "low": 51303, "high": 114900, "powerMw": 61.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 172548, "low": 118171, "high": 251480, "powerMw": 120.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 27430, "low": 20697, "high": 35989, "powerMw": 15.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 166849, "low": 149559, "high": 182703, "powerMw": 116.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-09-30/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2024-09-30", "median": 1020, "low": 980, "high": 1102, "powerMw": 0.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q3 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 141516, "low": 109452, "high": 183964, "powerMw": 160 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 38596, "low": 19508, "high": 75980, "powerMw": 35 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 351180, "low": 267158, "high": 461583, "powerMw": 245.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/amazon/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 67138, "low": 48802, "high": 93548, "powerMw": 31.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 54834, "low": 39503, "high": 76060, "powerMw": 26 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 107727, "low": 64031, "high": 183391, "powerMw": 50.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 363037, "low": 275275, "high": 472568, "powerMw": 254.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 872634, "low": 580204, "high": 1276620, "powerMw": 607.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/meta/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 79051, "low": 57342, "high": 110301, "powerMw": 37.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 917002, "low": 697821, "high": 1218295, "powerMw": 641.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 488451, "low": 369212, "high": 639015, "powerMw": 341.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 96389, "low": 61539, "high": 152576, "powerMw": 121.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 140011, "low": 101276, "high": 196157, "powerMw": 66.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 100000, "low": 100000, "high": 100000, "powerMw": 70 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "100k H100s online at Colossus 1 as of Sep 2 2024" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 455167, "low": 331421, "high": 599199, "powerMw": 515.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 200134, "low": 138432, "high": 274166, "powerMw": 82 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 251925, "low": 186879, "high": 327161, "powerMw": 293.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 143350, "low": 110292, "high": 186484, "powerMw": 383.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 106473, "low": 81344, "high": 137677, "powerMw": 60.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 113220, "low": 66715, "high": 162293, "powerMw": 64.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 109157, "low": 88847, "high": 131405, "powerMw": 83.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 168024, "low": 125155, "high": 224130, "powerMw": 95.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 8713, "low": 6157, "high": 11925, "powerMw": 22.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 205905, "low": 136741, "high": 280654, "powerMw": 156.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 94846, "low": 42206, "high": 212555, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/oracle/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 37740, "low": 26273, "high": 53413, "powerMw": 17.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 221173, "low": 153551, "high": 315799, "powerMw": 154.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 42580, "low": 32241, "high": 55056, "powerMw": 24.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 241168, "low": 241168, "high": 241168, "powerMw": 168.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2024-12-31/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2024-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2024-12-31", "median": 6468, "low": 6209, "high": 6985, "powerMw": 5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q4 2024", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 158333, "low": 121399, "high": 207847, "powerMw": 180 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 153743, "low": 116707, "high": 211991, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 479145, "low": 356254, "high": 643913, "powerMw": 227.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 539962, "low": 409820, "high": 705678, "powerMw": 378 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 380551, "low": 237356, "high": 615001, "powerMw": 179.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 96380, "low": 62185, "high": 152325, "powerMw": 121.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/amazon/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 241792, "low": 180715, "high": 325890, "powerMw": 114.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/meta/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 285254, "low": 212672, "high": 385002, "powerMw": 135.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 197978, "low": 145901, "high": 264770, "powerMw": 94 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 1003644, "low": 764637, "high": 1329334, "powerMw": 702.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 407224, "low": 308300, "high": 529478, "powerMw": 285.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 822746, "low": 501915, "high": 1258663, "powerMw": 571.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 386732, "low": 294408, "high": 507857, "powerMw": 270.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "150k H100s and 50k H200s" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 474983, "low": 346624, "high": 625121, "powerMw": 538.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 297399, "low": 219789, "high": 384835, "powerMw": 346.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 580764, "low": 434586, "high": 742423, "powerMw": 237.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 197446, "low": 151914, "high": 256859, "powerMw": 528 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 113781, "low": 93364, "high": 136402, "powerMw": 87.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 17913, "low": 9912, "high": 32651, "powerMw": 13.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 132895, "low": 99827, "high": 175358, "powerMw": 75.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 8713, "low": 6157, "high": 11925, "powerMw": 22.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 216213, "low": 160275, "high": 291186, "powerMw": 122.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 9334, "low": 11, "high": 20276, "powerMw": 7.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 9836, "low": 5015, "high": 18200, "powerMw": 7.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 138666, "low": 74554, "high": 205126, "powerMw": 78.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 94846, "low": 42206, "high": 212555, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 345611, "low": 281847, "high": 414708, "powerMw": 263.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/oracle/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 162483, "low": 118125, "high": 223141, "powerMw": 77.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 249449, "low": 175152, "high": 352837, "powerMw": 174.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 54283, "low": 39073, "high": 75134, "powerMw": 30.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 4213, "low": 1759, "high": 9979, "powerMw": 3.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/coreweave/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 21225, "low": 18024, "high": 24676, "powerMw": 10.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 269530, "low": 267367, "high": 271489, "powerMw": 188.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-03-31/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-03-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2025-03-31", "median": 11335, "low": 10634, "high": 13623, "powerMw": 8.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q1 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 268890, "low": 213906, "high": 348002, "powerMw": 245 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 175150, "low": 133346, "high": 231730, "powerMw": 200 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 435022, "low": 329780, "high": 564748, "powerMw": 304.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 75304, "low": 54432, "high": 104822, "powerMw": 41.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 149881, "low": 103473, "high": 215311, "powerMw": 88.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 588625, "low": 376236, "high": 906886, "powerMw": 297.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 377915, "low": 284070, "high": 505379, "powerMw": 179.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 127497, "low": 91709, "high": 178416, "powerMw": 70.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 746152, "low": 560264, "high": 995341, "powerMw": 354.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 446277, "low": 334862, "high": 596467, "powerMw": 212 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 409791, "low": 311781, "high": 537981, "powerMw": 286.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 1059443, "low": 807558, "high": 1399949, "powerMw": 741.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 91032, "low": 57681, "high": 142040, "powerMw": 122.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 821794, "low": 496944, "high": 1257872, "powerMw": 611.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 309653, "low": 231323, "high": 411043, "powerMw": 147.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 52400, "low": 37348, "high": 72220, "powerMw": 29 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 573324, "low": 435201, "high": 748724, "powerMw": 401.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 63523, "low": 45890, "high": 88099, "powerMw": 35.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 474983, "low": 346624, "high": 625121, "powerMw": 538.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 311807, "low": 229626, "high": 404155, "powerMw": 363 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 1201151, "low": 918592, "high": 1489296, "powerMw": 492 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "150k H100s and 50k H200s" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 220284, "low": 169485, "high": 286569, "powerMw": 589.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 33213, "low": 19947, "high": 56276, "powerMw": 25.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 8713, "low": 6157, "high": 11925, "powerMw": 22.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 17077, "low": 2265, "high": 34651, "powerMw": 13 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 4032, "low": 1506, "high": 7623, "powerMw": 1.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 18045, "low": 10256, "high": 31384, "powerMw": 13.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 242618, "low": 178612, "high": 326132, "powerMw": 137.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 2009, "low": 7, "high": 4851, "powerMw": 0.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 113781, "low": 93364, "high": 136402, "powerMw": 87.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 2157, "low": 801, "high": 4287, "powerMw": 0.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 152185, "low": 79296, "high": 227217, "powerMw": 86.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 146994, "low": 109670, "high": 196351, "powerMw": 83.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 94846, "low": 42206, "high": 212555, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 508146, "low": 442938, "high": 578253, "powerMw": 387.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 49291, "low": 33840, "high": 72431, "powerMw": 27.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B300 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 266338, "low": 194578, "high": 364450, "powerMw": 126.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 271240, "low": 191206, "high": 380939, "powerMw": 189.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 7976, "low": 3738, "high": 16815, "powerMw": 6.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 931, "low": 301, "high": 2337, "powerMw": 0.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 60787, "low": 42859, "high": 86411, "powerMw": 34.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/coreweave/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 61925, "low": 56533, "high": 67531, "powerMw": 29.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 279690, "low": 276793, "high": 282639, "powerMw": 195.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-06-30/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-06-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2025-06-30", "median": 19084, "low": 17681, "high": 24190, "powerMw": 14.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q2 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 384037, "low": 311105, "high": 484013, "powerMw": 350 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 191967, "low": 145293, "high": 255613, "powerMw": 220 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 1088658, "low": 830243, "high": 1437884, "powerMw": 762.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 591275, "low": 448875, "high": 770352, "powerMw": 413.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 103141, "low": 65260, "high": 157802, "powerMw": 123.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 421508, "low": 320799, "high": 553378, "powerMw": 295.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 949955, "low": 584891, "high": 1442270, "powerMw": 626 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 567872, "low": 430430, "high": 751902, "powerMw": 269.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 386809, "low": 290416, "high": 509927, "powerMw": 183.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 473043, "low": 358325, "high": 629489, "powerMw": 224.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 433629, "low": 320592, "high": 583394, "powerMw": 240.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 262408, "low": 194707, "high": 356680, "powerMw": 145.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 945553, "low": 713829, "high": 1250138, "powerMw": 449.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 209687, "low": 155449, "high": 283949, "powerMw": 116.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 449302, "low": 340621, "high": 582751, "powerMw": 314.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 538968, "low": 228059, "high": 1000468, "powerMw": 241 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 170239, "low": 126960, "high": 228228, "powerMw": 94.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 638623, "low": 465629, "high": 872554, "powerMw": 333.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "No change from Q1 2025." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/xai/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 350000, "low": 350000, "high": 350000, "powerMw": 168 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus2", "notes": "30k B200 at Colossus 1 (Jul 22) + 110k B200 delivered to Colossus 2 by September" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 311807, "low": 229626, "high": 404155, "powerMw": 363 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v7", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v7", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 120224, "low": 55212, "high": 185567, "powerMw": 49.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v7 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 1887421, "low": 1450722, "high": 2324471, "powerMw": 773.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 474983, "low": 346624, "high": 625121, "powerMw": 538.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 222844, "low": 171455, "high": 289900, "powerMw": 596 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 161616, "low": 119614, "high": 217204, "powerMw": 91.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 24197, "low": 13907, "high": 41323, "powerMw": 18.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 268958, "low": 197570, "high": 362621, "powerMw": 152.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 44387, "low": 26747, "high": 74072, "powerMw": 33.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 113781, "low": 93364, "high": 136402, "powerMw": 87.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 22824, "low": 4043, "high": 45352, "powerMw": 17.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 8713, "low": 6157, "high": 11925, "powerMw": 22.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 21662, "low": 13572, "high": 34478, "powerMw": 9.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 165765, "low": 83181, "high": 249830, "powerMw": 94.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 40009, "low": 26399, "high": 59404, "powerMw": 17.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 21261, "low": 1096, "high": 39180, "powerMw": 9.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 7287, "low": 3988, "high": 12450, "powerMw": 4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/other/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 6969, "low": 144, "high": 14229, "powerMw": 3.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/meta/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 13231, "low": 7807, "high": 21657, "powerMw": 7.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 94846, "low": 42206, "high": 212555, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 697972, "low": 624827, "high": 774743, "powerMw": 531.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 342899, "low": 252806, "high": 463278, "powerMw": 162.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 282562, "low": 200001, "high": 395110, "powerMw": 197.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 167508, "low": 121686, "high": 232380, "powerMw": 92.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 3109, "low": 1419, "high": 6826, "powerMw": 1.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 9478, "low": 4716, "high": 19065, "powerMw": 4.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 67128, "low": 46855, "high": 97498, "powerMw": 38.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/oracle/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 10759, "low": 5125, "high": 21758, "powerMw": 8.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/coreweave/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 45818, "low": 16015, "high": 63034, "powerMw": 25.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B300 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 293273, "low": 287808, "high": 301327, "powerMw": 205.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/coreweave/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 130297, "low": 114392, "high": 152641, "powerMw": 61.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B200 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-09-30/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-09-30", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2025-09-30", "median": 26647, "low": 24556, "high": 34503, "powerMw": 20.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q3 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/huawei/ascend-910b", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910b", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 208784, "low": 157240, "high": 279496, "powerMw": 240 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910B cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/huawei/ascend-910c", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:huawei", "chipTypeId": "chip:ascend-910c", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 499184, "low": 408304, "high": 620024, "powerMw": 455 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Huawei Ascend 910C cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": "see methodology", "notes": "Confidence intervals in units are relatively unprincipled due to lack of revenue model. Don't take them too literally. H100e conversion incorporates some uncertainty over average chip specifications. See methodology" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 467026, "low": 352710, "high": 613043, "powerMw": 221.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 820808, "low": 437364, "high": 1329167, "powerMw": 390.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1160893, "low": 880700, "high": 1529235, "powerMw": 551.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1093460, "low": 834492, "high": 1444563, "powerMw": 765.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 818295, "low": 615186, "high": 1088514, "powerMw": 453.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 566887, "low": 432073, "high": 752592, "powerMw": 269.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 423372, "low": 322331, "high": 555798, "powerMw": 296.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 27260, "low": 17727, "high": 42120, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 594470, "low": 451396, "high": 774476, "powerMw": 416.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 96405, "low": 62719, "high": 149703, "powerMw": 122.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 376781, "low": 282234, "high": 505786, "powerMw": 208.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 703618, "low": 534302, "high": 928048, "powerMw": 334.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 504337, "low": 376532, "high": 679802, "powerMw": 279.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 312694, "low": 235863, "high": 416671, "powerMw": 173.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1152728, "low": 824870, "high": 1562143, "powerMw": 639.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 451830, "low": 342471, "high": 585636, "powerMw": 316.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 27246, "low": 17868, "high": 42474, "powerMw": 34.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 904051, "low": 551720, "high": 1355863, "powerMw": 633.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Google, Oracle, China, xAI, CoreWeave. Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 11:57" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/xai/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 350000, "low": 350000, "high": 350000, "powerMw": 168 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus2", "notes": "550k total Blackwells per Musk. B200/B300 split (220k/330k) is Epoch estimate based on projected chip sales trends." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/xai/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:xai", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "xAI H100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers/satellite-explorer/xAIColossus1", "notes": "No change from Q1 2025." } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4i", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4i", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 2094, "low": 1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4i cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v4", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 36407, "low": 26502, "high": 47801, "powerMw": 89.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v4 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5e", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 474983, "low": 346624, "high": 625121, "powerMw": 538.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5e cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v5p", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v5p", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 311807, "low": 229626, "high": 404155, "powerMw": 363 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v5p cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v6e", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v6e", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 2290602, "low": 1747688, "high": 2831917, "powerMw": 938.2 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v6e cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v7", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:google", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:google", "chipTypeId": "chip:tpu-v7", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 686694, "low": 496490, "high": 902586, "powerMw": 282.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Google TPU v7 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 22922, "low": 14851, "high": 35549, "powerMw": 29.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/nvidia/h20", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h20", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 222844, "low": 171455, "high": 289900, "powerMw": 596 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H20 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/nvidia/h800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h800", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 115430, "low": 93121, "high": 143648, "powerMw": 80.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China H800 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/nvidia/a800", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a800", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 38285, "low": 29283, "high": 49662, "powerMw": 48.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China A800 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi250x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi250x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 8713, "low": 6157, "high": 11925, "powerMw": 22.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI250X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 26688, "low": 5241, "high": 51908, "powerMw": 20.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 39641, "low": 6933, "high": 69887, "powerMw": 17 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 51836, "low": 31727, "high": 85181, "powerMw": 39.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 75341, "low": 52843, "high": 107900, "powerMw": 32.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/amd/instinct-mi308x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi308x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 10523, "low": 8605, "high": 12837, "powerMw": 23.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Instinct MI308X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 275352, "low": 202004, "high": 370780, "powerMw": 156.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 28523, "low": 3180, "high": 51424, "powerMw": 15.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 28852, "low": 18559, "high": 45276, "powerMw": 15.9 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:meta", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 53666, "low": 36517, "high": 78551, "powerMw": 29.5 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 28117, "low": 16536, "high": 47354, "powerMw": 21.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 164927, "low": 122225, "high": 222697, "powerMw": 93.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 40608, "low": 27115, "high": 61871, "powerMw": 17.4 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 169112, "low": 84104, "high": 254825, "powerMw": 96 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/other/amd/instinct-mi300a", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:other", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300a", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 113781, "low": 93364, "high": 136402, "powerMw": 87.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Other Instinct MI300A cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Excludes Microsoft, Meta, Oracle, China. Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/amazon/trainium2", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium2", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 919135, "low": 826501, "high": 1012478, "powerMw": 700.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium2 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/amazon/amazon/trainium1", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:amazon", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amazon", "chipTypeId": "chip:trainium1", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 94846, "low": 42206, "high": 212555, "powerMw": 134.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Amazon Trainium1 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 03-31-2026 14:36" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 311577, "low": 228706, "high": 429655, "powerMw": 172.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/a100", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:a100", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle A100 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 284484, "low": 201500, "high": 397671, "powerMw": 199.1 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 424452, "low": 313779, "high": 572335, "powerMw": 201.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-15-2026 18:24" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi355x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 12763, "low": 6575, "high": 24592, "powerMw": 7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI355X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi325x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 12641, "low": 6205, "high": 25046, "powerMw": 9.6 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI325X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi350x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 18104, "low": 9710, "high": 33435, "powerMw": 7.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI350X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:amd", "chipTypeId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 68714, "low": 47760, "high": 100003, "powerMw": 39 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "Oracle Instinct MI300X cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-03-2026 12:25" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/coreweave/nvidia/b300", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b300", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 267637, "low": 229194, "high": 304822, "powerMw": 148.3 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B300 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/coreweave/nvidia/b200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:b200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 262506, "low": 233168, "high": 296808, "powerMw": 124.7 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave B200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/coreweave/nvidia/h100-h200", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:coreweave", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:nvidia", "chipTypeId": "chip:h100-h200", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 301187, "low": 294397, "high": 311084, "powerMw": 210.8 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "CoreWeave H100/H200 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Estimates generated on: 04-22-2026 12:04" } }, { "id": "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/china/cambricon/siyuan-590", "datasetId": "cumulative-by-chip-type", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "ownerId": "owner:china", "manufacturerId": "manufacturer:cambricon", "chipTypeId": "chip:siyuan-590", "values": { "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 34925, "low": 32079, "high": 45788, "powerMw": 27 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "rawArtifactMember": "cumulative_by_chip_type.csv", "sourceRow": "China Cambricon Siyuan 590 cumulative through Q4 2025", "upstreamLink": null, "notes": "Cambricon methodology; quarterly allocation proportional to reported quarterly revenue" } } ], "facilityObservations": [ { "id": "compute/facility/2026-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2026-11-15", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:qts-cedar-rapids", "facilityName": "QTS Cedar Rapids", "owner": "Ikke oppgitt", "constructionStatus": "Buildings 1-3 are operational. Based on the expected completion date reported by [local news](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/): “A QTS spokesperson said in July [2025] that the first phase of the project was expected to be completed in late 2026.\"", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2026-11-15", "median": 1136976, "low": 874597, "high": 1478068, "powerMw": 448 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "QTS Cedar Rapids @ 2026-11-15", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [MISO new load announcements](https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf), including 616 MW in Cedar Rapids for a \"Shell Corp\" called SNA LLC.\n- [Article by The Gazette](https://www.thegazette.com/business/fast-start-to-cedar-rapids-data-center-projects/) featuring a rendering of Building 2 and 3.\n- [Article by Corridor Business Journal ](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/)featuring a rendering of Buildings 1-3.\n- [Post by GLD Commercial ](https://www.gldcommercial.com/google-and-qts-data/)featuring a map with land assigned to QTS in Big Cedar Industrial Center.\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-02-25/colossus-2", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2027-02-25", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:colossus-2", "facilityName": "Colossus 2", "owner": "SpaceXAI", "constructionStatus": "Building 3 is estimated to be completed. The site is predicted to have enough power infrastructure installed for a total of 1.5 GW of IT Power. Based on building plans we predict the addition of three more cooling arrays similar to the 6x24 dry coolers near Building 1 and 2. With the completion of current cooling structures and the addition of these arrays there will be ~540MW more cooling capacity for a full facility total of ~1390MW. If this cooling capacity is supplemented by mobile coolers, there would be enough cooling and power infrastructure to support 1.5 GW of IT power.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2027-02-25", "median": 1824154, "low": 1403195, "high": 2371400, "powerMw": 1531 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Colossus 2 @ 2027-02-25", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [WSJ profile of the Colossus data centers](https://www.wsj.com/tech/elon-musk-xai-memphis-tennessee-power-dec4c70d) \n- [Final GPU count reported by Elon Musk](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1947701807389515912)\n- [MLGW update mentioning power requests for Colossus 2](https://www.mlgw.com/images/content/files/pdf/new/5-5-25%20xAI%20Update.pdf#page=4)\n- [SpaceX-Cursor partnership to use Colossus](https://x.com/SpaceX/status/2046713419978453374)\n- [Anthropic to use Colossus 2 from June 2026](https://x.com/nottombrown/status/2057194829986300375)\n- [SpaceX S-1 filing, mentioning exact compute and power for Colossus 2](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-10-01/goodnight", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2027-10-01", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:goodnight", "facilityName": "Goodnight", "owner": "Google", "constructionStatus": "6 buildings are operational. This is based on:\n1. A [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026010861) for Building 6 with a completion date of 2027-07-30. Normally there is a follow-up filing for \"tenant improvement\" which involves building the interior, with a completion date 1-3 months after the initial filing.\n2. A project deadline of EOY 2027 in the [original tax abatement agreement](https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/Phase%201%20Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%20-%20Signed.pdf)\n3. The similar 8-building project in Abilene taking an estimated 2 years and 2 months.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2027-10-01", "median": 2278929, "low": 1753022, "high": 2962607, "powerMw": 1006 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Goodnight @ 2027-10-01", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Amended tax abatement agreement, with updated blueprints on p.46](https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/Amended_Restated_Consolidated%20Second%20Property%20Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%20%20GNDC1_ArmstrongCounty.pdf)\n- [Original tax abatement agreement, with original blueprints and specs on the last page](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ky5HhuhU8_JADNB2GziWa4WDRbTU4qtO/view?usp=sharing)\n- [TABS database, with \"Llano\" data centers in the city of Claude](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/)\n- [Press release reports Google investing in a new data center in Armstrong County](https://www.reuters.com/business/google-invest-40-billion-new-data-centers-texas-bloomberg-news-reports-2025-11-14/)\n- [Clean Air Act Initial Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit application.](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sI8t1MzjDTAEnn-yY4zv3SiiTCpruzSQ/view?usp=drive_link)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2027-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2027-11-15", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:qts-cedar-rapids", "facilityName": "QTS Cedar Rapids", "owner": "Ikke oppgitt", "constructionStatus": "Buildings 4-7 are operational. Based on the expected completion date reported by [local news](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/): “A QTS spokesperson said in July [2025] that [...] The second phase is expected to be completed in late 2027.\"", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2027-11-15", "median": 3668823, "low": 2822172, "high": 4769470, "powerMw": 1133 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "QTS Cedar Rapids @ 2027-11-15", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [MISO new load announcements](https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf), including 616 MW in Cedar Rapids for a \"Shell Corp\" called SNA LLC.\n- [Article by The Gazette](https://www.thegazette.com/business/fast-start-to-cedar-rapids-data-center-projects/) featuring a rendering of Building 2 and 3.\n- [Article by Corridor Business Journal ](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/)featuring a rendering of Buildings 1-3.\n- [Post by GLD Commercial ](https://www.gldcommercial.com/google-and-qts-data/)featuring a map with land assigned to QTS in Big Cedar Industrial Center.\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-01-01/meta-hyperion", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2028-01-01", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:meta-hyperion", "facilityName": "Meta Hyperion", "owner": "Meta", "constructionStatus": "First phase is operational, based on a [Meta blog post](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PmFNgOwkPepwjpGIbNUuPJP0LNgIqe7l/view?usp=sharing). We assume that this aligns with the three natural gas turbines being completed, for a total of 2262 MW capacity, but that these turbines have a backup role. This is close to the 1800 MW of load requested from the grid. Meta [claims](https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/) that \"The Hyperion cluster will have a 5-gigawatt capacity once complete\", but so far there is no concrete evidence for this happening at the Holly Ridge site alone.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2028-01-01", "median": 4253594, "low": 3271996, "high": 5529673, "powerMw": 1676 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Meta Hyperion @ 2028-01-01", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Data center profile by Meta](https://datacenters.atmeta.com/richland-parish-data-center/)\n- [Entergy's application for generation and transmission resources](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FLY13apaHy4hI8RNVk9n_nlJpwFHtBrB/view?usp=sharing)\n- [MISO update with 1.8 GW substation plan](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D4eUHwEuirNi0g3IU_xGOti3PcC8fcXi/view?usp=sharing)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-05-13/microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2028-05-13", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin", "facilityName": "Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin", "owner": "Microsoft", "constructionStatus": "Buildings 3-11 are estimated to be operational. The grading for this revised 9-building plan was underway in May 2026, and we assume an average 2-year [build time](https://epoch.ai/data-insights/data-centers-buildout-speeds) from that point.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2028-05-13", "median": 4527539, "low": 3482722, "high": 5885801, "powerMw": 2263 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin @ 2028-05-13", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Microsoft blog with engineering details](https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/09/18/inside-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/)\n- [Microsoft blog with more general information](https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/09/18/made-in-wisconsin-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/)\n- [Construction Permit Application for building 1](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1azyXnreQBuYEqX2oaSUgePDGCMneez5Z/view?usp=sharing)\n- [Plan for 9-building and 6-building expansions](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PQKzfauDNzabN7oNviMKTvsZmxlsUVpG/view?usp=sharing)\n- [OpenAI article mentioning they use Microsoft's Fairwater supercomputers](https://openai.com/index/mrc-supercomputer-networking/)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-11-11/openai-stargate-shackelford", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2028-11-11", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:openai-stargate-shackelford", "facilityName": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford", "owner": "Oracle", "constructionStatus": "Building 10 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 10 as 2028-05-11. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2028-11-11", "median": 4562911, "low": 3509931, "high": 5931784, "powerMw": 1400 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford @ 2028-11-11", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Vantage data center page with power capacity, number of buildings, and first building timeline](https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/shackelford-county-tx)\n- [OpenAI Stargate expansion announcement mentioning Shackelford site](https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/)\n- [Vantage LinkedIn post connecting the data center to OpenAI Stargate](https://web.archive.org/web/20260226203340/https://www.linkedin.com/posts/vantage-data-centers_ai-digitalinfrastructure-stargate-activity-7405254667062124544-FOcd/?rcm=ACoAAAmuuF4BvsgagH4Z8-Z8-0LaBPPY6467cAs)\n- [TDLR filing for first building (other buildings are also on TDLR)](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026024094)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-12-31/openai-stargate-new-mexico", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2028-12-31", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:openai-stargate-new-mexico", "facilityName": "OpenAI Stargate New Mexico", "owner": "Oracle", "constructionStatus": "Estimated construction completion date of the site. Stormwater permitting says 2027-12-31 for stormwater construction to finish, but for a more conservative estimate and based on the current state of the site, we pushed the final date by a year beyond it. [Source, page 2](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vVKvPogq2TkeFn7ibnp0GNqz8aB4tZXz/view?usp=sharing)", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/frontier/v1", "population": "frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.3, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2028-12-31", "median": 5103588, "low": 3925837, "high": 6634664, "powerMw": 1750 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "OpenAI Stargate New Mexico @ 2028-12-31", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Project Jupiter Website](https://projectjupitertogether.com/)\n- [Stormwater Permitting](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vVKvPogq2TkeFn7ibnp0GNqz8aB4tZXz/view?usp=sharing)\n- [Oracle, BorderPlex and Bloom Energy to power Project Jupiter with fuel cell technology (Apr 27, 2026)](https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/oracle-borderplex-and-bloom-energy-to-power-project-jupiter-with-fuel-cell-technology-2026-04-27/)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/facility/2028-04-01/google-fort-wayne", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2028-04-01", "status": "planned", "regionId": null, "country": "United States", "facilityId": "facility:google-fort-wayne", "facilityName": "Google Fort Wayne", "owner": "Google", "constructionStatus": "Estimated completion time for all 5 main AI buildings assuming construction continues at the same rate, based on the observed timelines of Buildings 2 and 3.", "dateUncertaintyMonths": 3, "values": { "date": "2028-04-01", "median": 4704396, "low": 3618766, "high": 6115715, "powerMw": 863 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Google Fort Wayne @ 2028-04-01", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Google's plans for wetlands in Fort Wayne](https://www.thelocalfw.com/what-to-know-about-googles-plans-for-wetlands-in-fort-wayne/)\n- [Data center's diesel generators](https://www.thelocalfw.com/data-center-diesel-generators/)\n- [Project's history and tax abatement](https://www.thelocalfw.com/data-centers-secrecy-and-tax-abatements/)\n- [City Council approval](https://citycouncildocuments.acfw.net/documents/download/2023-12-19/R-23-12-02.pdf)\n" }, "retention": { "reason": "not-in-current-source", "retainedAt": "2026-09-08", "lastPresentAssessmentDate": "2026-08-11", "evaluatedSourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba" } } ], "regionalCapacityObservations": [ { "id": "compute/regional-facility/2026-04-03/start-campus-sines-data-campus", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2026-04-03", "status": "observed", "regionId": "region:eu", "country": "Portugal", "facilityId": "facility:start-campus-sines-data-campus", "facilityName": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus", "owner": "Nscale", "constructionStatus": "Building 1 (SIN01) operational for AI, with the first deployment of 12,600 Nvidia GB300 NVL72s to the site being reported completed \"Q1 2026\" based on the [corporate announcement](https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft). Land clearing also begins for Building 2 (SIN02), with faint dirt outlines for roads and building foundations visible.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 0, "values": { "date": "2026-04-03", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus @ 2026-04-03", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Website for the site](https://www.startcampus.pt/sines)\n- [Factsheet for the full site](https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES%20DC_1.2%20GW%20DC%20Campus_V2.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=194868835084)\n- [Article detailing Microsoft collaboration and GPU amounts](https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/regional-facility/2026-08-16/start-campus-sines-data-campus", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2026-08-16", "status": "observed", "regionId": "region:eu", "country": "Portugal", "facilityId": "facility:start-campus-sines-data-campus", "facilityName": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus", "owner": "Nscale", "constructionStatus": "Satellite imagery shows two black outlines, suggesting two buildings going up on a second adjacent site. There is an outline of another building as well. Further to the east, there is land clearing.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 0, "values": { "date": "2026-08-16", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus @ 2026-08-16", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Website for the site](https://www.startcampus.pt/sines)\n- [Factsheet for the full site](https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES%20DC_1.2%20GW%20DC%20Campus_V2.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=194868835084)\n- [Article detailing Microsoft collaboration and GPU amounts](https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft)\n" } }, { "id": "compute/regional-facility/2027-09-30/start-campus-sines-data-campus", "datasetId": "ai-data-center-timelines", "observedAt": "2027-09-30", "status": "planned", "regionId": "region:eu", "country": "Portugal", "facilityId": "facility:start-campus-sines-data-campus", "facilityName": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus", "owner": "Nscale", "constructionStatus": "Building 2 (SIN02) projected to be operational. This is based on the timeline provided in the [factsheet](https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES_02.PDF.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=199407154715) for the site. We expect VR200 GPUs to be used as a lot of those chips will have already been available in September 2027, and the \"up to 600kW racks\" in the factsheet suggest they are aiming for this.", "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "dateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "values": { "date": "2027-09-30", "median": 540677, "low": 360451, "high": 811016, "powerMw": 233 }, "provenance": { "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "rawArtifactMember": "data_center_timelines.csv", "sourceRow": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus @ 2027-09-30", "upstreamLink": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "notes": "- [Website for the site](https://www.startcampus.pt/sines)\n- [Factsheet for the full site](https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES%20DC_1.2%20GW%20DC%20Campus_V2.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=194868835084)\n- [Article detailing Microsoft collaboration and GPU amounts](https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft)\n" } } ] }, "measurements": { "schemaVersion": 1, "moduleId": "compute", "generatedAt": "2026-09-08T18:50:10.965Z", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-10", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551" ], "timelineHistory": [], "facilityTimelineHistory": [ { "id": "compute/facility-timeline-revision/epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7", "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7", "knowledgeAt": "2026-08-11", "knowledgeUntil": "2026-09-06", "facilities": [ { "id": "compute/facility/2026-11-15/qts-cedar-rapids", "date": "2026-11-15", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids", "owner": "Ikke oppgitt", "status": "planned", "median": 1136976, "low": 874597, "high": 1478068, "powerMw": 448, 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95.-persentil summerer kildegruppenes respektive grenser som en transparent visningsapproksimasjon.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" }, { "reviewState": "reviewed", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "epoch-ai-h100e-methodology-2026-08-11" ], "measurementIds": [ "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "ZOPS = H100e × 1.979e15 ÷ 1e21", "inputs": [ "compute/world/2025-12-31", "compute/claim/h100e-model" ], "outputUnit": "ZOPS (8-bit)" }, "limitations": [], "id": "compute/claim/global-capacity-latest", "claimType": "observation", "statement": "Verdensseriens median ved 2025-12-31 er 20,926,382 H100e, tilsvarende 41.41 ZOPS teoretisk 8-bits toppytelse.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" }, { "reviewState": "reviewed", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551" ], "measurementIds": [ "compute/world/2024-12-31", "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "growth_pct = (current_median ÷ prior_year_median − 1) × 100", "inputs": [ "compute/world/2024-12-31", "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "outputUnit": "%" }, "limitations": [], "id": "compute/claim/year-growth-latest", "claimType": "derivation", "statement": "Verdensseriens median økte 208% fra samme kvartal året før til 2025-12-31.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" }, { "reviewState": "reviewed", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551" ], "measurementIds": [ "compute/us-cloud/2025-12-31", "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "share_pct = us_cloud_median ÷ world_median × 100", "inputs": [ "compute/us-cloud/2025-12-31", "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "outputUnit": "%" }, "limitations": [ "USA-sky er en selskapskategori, ikke en påstand om fysisk plassering eller statlig kontroll." ], "id": "compute/claim/us-cloud-share-latest", "claimType": "derivation", "statement": "De syv navngitte USA-baserte sky- og modellgruppene utgjør 75% av verdensseriens estimerte eierskap ved 2025-12-31.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" }, { "reviewState": "published", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "eu-official-member-states-2026-08-11", "epoch-ai-h100e-methodology-2026-08-11" ], "measurementIds": [ "compute/eu-minimum/2026-08-16" ], "factIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2026-04-03/start-campus-sines-data-campus", "compute/regional-facility/2026-08-16/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "EU_documented_minimum = Σ positive listed facility H100e in EU 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"compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "accelerator_power_GW = summed_accelerator_power_MW ÷ 1000", "inputs": [ "compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "outputUnit": "GW" }, "limitations": [ "Dette er nominell akseleratoreffekt, ikke faktisk strømforbruk eller total datasenterlast." ], "id": "compute/claim/power-proxy-latest", "claimType": "derivation", "statement": "Den nominelle akseleratoreffekten i verdensserien er 13.4 GW ved 2025-12-31.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" }, { "reviewState": "published", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" ], "measurementIds": [], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [ "compute/projection-lineage/world/2024-03-31-2025-12-31", "compute/projection-lineage/us-cloud/2024-03-31-2025-12-31", "compute/projection-lineage/china/2024-03-31-2025-12-31", 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"compute/world/2025-12-31" ], "outputUnit": "multiple" }, "limitations": [ "Dette er en ekstern prognose, ikke en Vardark-måling.", "AI 2027 og Epoch AI bruker H100e som sammenligningsenhet, men normaliseringsmetodene er ikke dokumentert som identiske." ], "id": "compute/claim/ai-2027-global-compute", "claimType": "derivation", "statement": "AI 2027 anslår 100 millioner globalt tilgjengelige H100e ved utgangen av 2027, 4.8× siste observerte verdensmedian i denne trackeren.", "asOf": "2026-09-08", "supersedesRevisionId": "compute/claim/ai-2027-global-compute@e0df6de7d378", "approvedAt": "2026-09-09T16:00:10.113Z" }, { "reviewState": "published", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "epoch-ai-h100e-methodology-2026-08-11" ], "measurementIds": [ "compute/world/2022-03-31", "compute/world/2022-06-30", "compute/world/2022-09-30", "compute/world/2022-12-31", "compute/world/2023-03-31", "compute/world/2023-06-30", 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"derivation", "statement": "15,746,640 H100e er aggregert median for syv tidsversjonerte USA-baserte eiere ved 2025-12-31; andelen av verdensserien er 75%.", "asOf": "2025-12-31", "approvedAt": "2026-08-13T09:38:36.786Z" } ], "claimHistory": [ { "reviewState": "reviewed", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-h100e-methodology-2026-08-11" ], "measurementIds": [], "factIds": [], "lineageSetIds": [], "methodologyPaths": [ "data/tracker/compute/METHODOLOGY.md" ], "calculation": { "formula": "H100e = peak dense 8-bit OPS/s ÷ 1.979e15; ZOPS = H100e × 1.979e15 ÷ 1e21", "inputs": [ "Peak dense 8-bit OPS/s per chip", "chip quantity", "1979000000000000 OPS/s per H100e" ], "outputUnit": "ZOPS (8-bit) and H100e" }, "limitations": [ "Minne, nettverk, programvare, presisjon, utnyttelse og arbeidslast kan gjøre reell ytelse høyere eller lavere enn sammenligningen." ], "id": "compute/claim/h100e-model", "claimType": "method", "statement": "H100e er en sammenligningsmodell som normaliserer ulike AI-brikker mot 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1279, "high": 3187, "powerMw": 5.3, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/google/google/tpu-v4i" ] } ] }, { "ownerId": "owner:meta", "ownerLabel": "Meta", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "chips": [ { "entityId": "chip:b200", "label": "B200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 703618, "low": 534302, "high": 928048, "powerMw": 334.2, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/b200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:h100-h200", "label": "H100/H200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 594470, "low": 451396, "high": 774476, "powerMw": 416.1, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/h100-h200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:b300", "label": "B300", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 504337, "low": 376532, "high": 679802, "powerMw": 279.5, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/b300" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "label": "Instinct MI300X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 275352, "low": 202004, "high": 370780, "powerMw": 156.3, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi300x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "label": "Instinct MI350X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 75341, "low": 52843, "high": 107900, "powerMw": 32.3, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi350x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "label": "Instinct MI355X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 53666, "low": 36517, "high": 78551, "powerMw": 29.5, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi355x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "label": "Instinct MI325X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 51836, "low": 31727, "high": 85181, "powerMw": 39.5, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/amd/instinct-mi325x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:a100", "label": "A100", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 37505, "low": 24298, "high": 58623, "powerMw": 47.6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/meta/nvidia/a100" ] } ] }, { "ownerId": "owner:microsoft", "ownerLabel": "Microsoft", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "chips": [ { "entityId": "chip:b200", "label": "B200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1160893, "low": 880700, "high": 1529235, "powerMw": 551.4, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/b200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:h100-h200", "label": "H100/H200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 1093460, "low": 834492, "high": 1444563, "powerMw": 765.4, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/h100-h200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:b300", "label": "B300", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 818295, "low": 615186, "high": 1088514, "powerMw": 453.4, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/b300" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "label": "Instinct MI300X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 164927, "low": 122225, "high": 222697, "powerMw": 93.6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi300x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:a100", "label": "A100", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 71586, "low": 46370, "high": 111369, "powerMw": 90.8, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/nvidia/a100" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "label": "Instinct MI350X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 40608, "low": 27115, "high": 61871, "powerMw": 17.4, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi350x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "label": "Instinct MI355X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 28852, "low": 18559, "high": 45276, "powerMw": 15.9, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi355x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "label": "Instinct MI325X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 28117, "low": 16536, "high": 47354, "powerMw": 21.4, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/microsoft/amd/instinct-mi325x" ] } ] }, { "ownerId": "owner:oracle", "ownerLabel": "Oracle", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "chips": [ { "entityId": "chip:b200", "label": "B200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 424452, "low": 313779, "high": 572335, "powerMw": 201.6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/b200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:b300", "label": "B300", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 311577, "low": 228706, "high": 429655, "powerMw": 172.7, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/b300" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:h100-h200", "label": "H100/H200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 284484, "low": 201500, "high": 397671, "powerMw": 199.1, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/h100-h200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi300x", "label": "Instinct MI300X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 68714, "low": 47760, "high": 100003, "powerMw": 39, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi300x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi350x", "label": "Instinct MI350X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 18104, "low": 9710, "high": 33435, "powerMw": 7.8, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi350x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi355x", "label": "Instinct MI355X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 12763, "low": 6575, "high": 24592, "powerMw": 7, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi355x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:instinct-mi325x", "label": "Instinct MI325X", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 12641, "low": 6205, "high": 25046, "powerMw": 9.6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/amd/instinct-mi325x" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:a100", "label": "A100", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 9113, "low": 4978, "high": 16657, "powerMw": 11.6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/oracle/nvidia/a100" ] } ] }, { "ownerId": "owner:xai", "ownerLabel": "xAI", "observedAt": "2025-12-31", "chips": [ { "entityId": "chip:b200", "label": "B200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 350000, "low": 350000, "high": 350000, "powerMw": 168, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/xai/nvidia/b200" ] }, { "entityId": "chip:h100-h200", "label": "H100/H200", "date": "2025-12-31", "median": 200000, "low": 200000, "high": 200000, "powerMw": 140, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/fact/cumulative-by-chip-type/2025-12-31/xai/nvidia/h100-h200" ] } ] } ], "limitations": [ "Gruppen beskriver eierskap etter selskapsidentitet, ikke fysisk plassering eller statlig kontroll.", "Chiptypevisningen kommer fra Epoch AIs separate chiptype-tabell og kan avvike svakt fra eiertotalen på grunn av kildeaggregering." ], "claimIds": [ "compute/claim/measurement-scope", "compute/claim/h100e-model", "compute/claim/uncertainty-model", "compute/claim/us-cloud-drilldown-method", "compute/claim/us-cloud-drilldown-latest" ] }, { "viewType": "facility-region", "id": "eu-minimum", "dimension": "region", "entityId": "region:eu", "title": "EU — dokumentert minimum", "description": "Positiv AI-akseleratorkapasitet ved EU-lokaliserte frontier-anlegg som er identifisert i Epoch AIs datasenterregister.", "route": "/tracker/compute/eu-minimum", "sourceIds": [ "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "eu-official-member-states-2026-08-11" ], "latest": { "observedAt": "2026-08-16", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "facilityCount": 1 }, "groupSeries": [ { "date": "2026-04-03", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2026-04-03/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ] }, { "date": "2026-08-16", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2026-08-16/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ] } ], "facilities": [ { "entityId": "facility:start-campus-sines-data-campus", "label": "Start Campus Sines Data Campus", "country": "Portugal", "owner": "Nscale", "observedPoints": [ { "date": "2026-04-03", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2026-04-03/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ] }, { "date": "2026-08-16", "median": 31834, "low": 21223, "high": 47751, "powerMw": 33, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2026-08-16/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ] } ], "plannedPoints": [ { "date": "2027-09-30", "median": 540677, "low": 360451, "high": 811016, "powerMw": 233, "uncertainty": { "modelId": "compute/facility-uncertainty/non-frontier/v1", "population": "non-frontier", "capacityFactor": 1.5, "coverage": 0.8, "operationalDateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "sourceId": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11" }, "status": "planned", "dateUncertaintyMonths": 6, "lineageObservationIds": [ "compute/regional-facility/2027-09-30/start-campus-sines-data-campus" ] } ] } ], "limitations": [ "Dette er et dokumentert minimum i et frontier-register, ikke et estimat for all AI-regnekraft i EU.", "Serien er lokasjonsbasert og kan ikke trekkes fra Epoch AIs eierbaserte Other-kategori.", "Framtidige anleggspunkter er planer med usikker dato og kapasitet, ikke observerte målinger." ], "claimIds": [ "compute/claim/measurement-scope", "compute/claim/h100e-model", "compute/claim/eu-minimum-definition", "compute/claim/eu-minimum-latest" ] } ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba", "title": "AI Data Centers — September 4 dataset revision", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "documentationUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers-documentation", "downloadUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/data_centers/data_centers.zip", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-06", "publishedAt": "2026-09-04", "dataAsOf": "2026-09-04", "sha256": "53c3a40ecabacfc18732df79db451ee7b4a399357ce085445e318a6920a8c683", "localPath": "data/tracker/sources/compute/epoch-ai-data-centers/2026-09-06-53c3a40ecaba.zip", "role": "projection-data", "notes": "Epoch AI data under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The page is dated September 3; the complete ZIP/timeline release is dated September 4; these preserved bytes were collected September 6 and admitted for proposal preparation September 8. Dataset date is not observation, facility operation or assessment date. Vardark modifies the data through normalization, selection, aggregation, uncertainty modeling and reversible display conversion; no Epoch AI endorsement. Future dates/capacities are estimates, not commitments." }, { "id": "iea-energy-and-ai-2025", "title": "Energy and AI", "publisher": "International Energy Agency", "sourceUrl": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai", "documentationUrl": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-10", "dataAsOf": "2024-12-31", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "context", "notes": "Used for energy context, not to derive the H100-equivalent compute series." }, { "id": "epoch-ai-chip-owners-2026-08-10-570f980dc551", "title": "Data on AI Chip Owners", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-chip-owners", "documentationUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-chip-owners-documentation", "downloadUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai_chip_owners.zip", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-10", "dataAsOf": "2025-12-31", "sha256": "570f980dc551a598698c1dd6f324f021344ca7e4d78fbab362a44ab4b6065083", "localPath": "data/tracker/sources/compute/epoch-ai-chip-owners/2026-08-10-570f980dc551.zip", "role": "primary-data", "notes": "Ownership estimates, not physical location, utilisation, or access." }, { "id": "epoch-ai-data-centers-2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7", "title": "AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers", "documentationUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers-documentation", "downloadUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/data_centers/data_centers.zip", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2026-08-11", "sha256": "d7614ec4f4c771eeaf7a59973a88b25e2f8282d3b9448908b36056f34d59d165", "localPath": "data/tracker/sources/compute/epoch-ai-data-centers/2026-08-11-d7614ec4f4c7.zip", "role": "projection-data", "notes": "Observed and projected construction timelines. Future dates and capacities are estimates, not commitments." }, { "id": "epoch-ai-data-center-growth-2026-06-11", "title": "The record for computing capacity in a single data center has doubled every 7 months", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data-insights/largest-data-center-compute", "documentationUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/data-centers-documentation/methodology", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2026-06-11", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "projection-methodology", "notes": "Supports the distinction between observed and future frontier facilities and the displayed facility uncertainty convention." }, { "id": "epoch-ai-h100e-methodology-2026-08-11", "title": "What does H100e compute capacity mean?", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-chip-owners?tab=h100_equivalents&view=graph", "documentationUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-chip-owners-documentation/records", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2026-08-11", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "measurement-methodology", "notes": "Defines H100e as peak dense 8-bit operations per second relative to an Nvidia H100; it is a comparison model, not a chip count." }, { "id": "ai-2027-compute-forecast-2026-08-11", "title": "Compute Forecast", "publisher": "AI Futures Project / AI 2027", "sourceUrl": "https://ai-2027.com/research/compute-forecast", "documentationUrl": "https://ai-2027.com/research/compute-forecast", "license": "Copyright — cited public web source", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2026-07-07", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "scenario-reference", "notes": "Forecasts 60M global H100e during the Agent-3 period beginning March 2027 and 100M global H100e by December 2027. External scenario, not observation." }, { "id": "ai-2027-takeoff-forecast-2026-08-11", "title": "Takeoff Forecast", "publisher": "AI Futures Project / AI 2027", "sourceUrl": "https://ai-2027.com/research/takeoff-forecast", "documentationUrl": "https://ai-2027.com/research/takeoff-forecast", "license": "Copyright — cited public web source", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2025-12-31", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "scenario-reference", "notes": "Conditions on a superhuman-coder milestone in March 2027 and models a software-driven takeoff; it does not define a causal installed-compute threshold." }, { "id": "eu-official-member-states-2026-08-11", "title": "EU countries", "publisher": "European Union", "sourceUrl": "https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en", "documentationUrl": "https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries_en", "license": "European Union website — cited public web source", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-11", "dataAsOf": "2026-08-11", "sha256": null, "localPath": null, "role": "scope-definition", "notes": "Defines the 27-country EU membership used to classify facility locations; it does not provide compute-capacity data." } ] }